Terms of Service

Company: MNVA Operations ("Moneva", "we", "us" or "our")

Scope: These Terms of Service ("Terms") govern your access to and use of the Moneva mobile application, website, and related services (collectively, the "Services"). By creating an account or using our Services, you agree to be bound by these Terms and our Privacy Policy. If you do not agree, you must discontinue use of the Services.

1. Introduction

1. Purpose of Moneva

Moneva is a self-custody digital wallet platform that enables users to send and receive stablecoins, access named virtual accounts for fiat transfers, spend via linked debit/prepaid cards, earn variable yield on crypto balances, and invest in tokenized assets. Moneva provides technology and integrations with third-party financial partners to facilitate these features; we do not take possession or custody of your cryptocurrency assets. You retain control of your funds at all times.

2. No Advice or Brokerage

Moneva is not a bank, broker-dealer, exchange, money transmitter, or investment adviser, and we do not provide any banking, investment, or financial advisory services. All information and content provided via the Services is for informational purposes and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice. You are solely responsible for your decisions and for compliance with applicable laws when using the Services.

3. Third-Party Providers

Some functionality of Moneva (such as fiat payment processing, card issuance, and investment services) is provided by duly licensed third-party partner companies. While we facilitate access to these services, the actual services (e.g. fiat settlement to bank accounts, card payments, brokerage of tokenized securities) are performed by independent third parties under their own terms and licenses. We do not guarantee and are not liable for the services provided by these third parties. We will not name specific partners here; however, by using those features, you may be required to agree to the partners' terms and conditions, which will be presented to you as applicable.

4. Acceptance of Terms

By accessing or using Moneva, you confirm that you have read, understood, and agree to these Terms, which form a binding agreement between you and Moneva. If you do not agree with any part of the Terms, you must not use the Services. We may also ask you to reaffirm acceptance of updated Terms from time to time as a condition of continued use.

5. Updates to Terms

We reserve the right to modify or update these Terms at our discretion. If we make material changes, we will notify you via the app, website, or email. Updated Terms will be effective when posted (unless a later date is specified). Your continued use of the Services after an update constitutes acceptance of the revised Terms. If you do not agree to the changes, you must stop using the Services.

2. Definitions

For clarity in these Terms, we use the following definitions:

• "Account" - A self-custodial smart account with Moneva is required to access certain Services and features.
• "Virtual Asset" or "Cryptocurrency" - A digital asset such as a stablecoin that uses distributed ledger technology (e.g. blockchain) for ownership and transfer. In Moneva, this mainly refers to supported stablecoins like USDC, USDT and others.
• "Stablecoin" - A type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value relative to a reference fiat currency (e.g. 1 USD). Stablecoins used in Moneva (such as USDC or USDT) are pegged to fiat currencies but are not issued or insured by any government or central bank.
• "Fiat Currency" - Government-issued currency like USD, EUR, etc., that is legal tender, typically held in bank accounts.
• "Virtual Account" - A financial account reference (such as an IBAN or local bank account number) provided to you through our partners, which is linked to your Moneva wallet. It allows you to receive fiat transfers that are converted into stablecoins in your wallet, and sometimes to send funds out via bank transfers when converting your stablecoins to fiat.
• "Moneva Card" or "Card" - A virtual or physical debit/prepaid payment card linked to your Moneva wallet balances. The Card is issued by a third-party financial institution on our behalf and allows you to spend your stablecoins by converting them to fiat at the point of sale.
• "Services" - The features and functionalities provided by Moneva, including the wallet application, global remittances, virtual accounts, card services, yield earning (interest on crypto balances), and investment in tokenized stocks/ETFs, as well as any content, software, and tools provided through our app or website.
• "Moneva Companies" - The operating entities providing the Moneva Services. This may include MNVA Operations and its affiliates or service providers that help operate the platform. "We", "us", and "our" refer to MNVA Operations.
• "User" or "you" - The person or entity accessing or using the Services. If you are an individual acting on behalf of a company or other organization, "you" also refers to that entity, and you represent you have authority to bind that entity to these Terms.

Other capitalized terms may be defined elsewhere in the text of these Terms. These definitions shall apply throughout.

3. Eligibility

1. Minimum Age

You must be at least 18 years old (or the age of majority in your jurisdiction, if higher) to create a Moneva Account and use our Services. By using Moneva, you represent and warrant that you meet this age requirement. We do not permit use of the Services by individuals under 18.

2. Legal Capacity

You must have the legal capacity to enter into a binding contract. By agreeing to these Terms, you affirm that you are not barred from using the Services under any applicable laws.

3. Personal Use and Proper Purpose

You are only permitted to use Moneva for your own personal or internal business purposes, and only in compliance with these Terms and applicable law. You may not use the Services on behalf of another person (except as allowed under authorized third-party access in Section 4) or for any purpose that is unlawful or prohibited.

4. Residency and Jurisdiction

The Services may not be available in all regions. You represent that you are not a resident of, located in, or attempting to access the Services from a country or territory that is subject to comprehensive economic sanctions or embargoes (e.g., those administered by the U.S. OFAC, EU, UK or UN) or any other jurisdiction where use of the Services would be illegal or require us to obtain a license that we do not have. We may restrict or prohibit Accounts from certain jurisdictions as required by law or internal risk management. It is your responsibility to comply with local laws and to refrain from using Moneva if it is not lawful in your location.

5. Other Restrictions

By using Moneva, you further represent and warrant that:

• You have not been previously suspended or removed from our Services
• You are not identified as a "Specially Designated National" or equivalent by any government or legal authority (i.e., not on any sanctions list)
• You will use the Services only for legitimate, bona fide purposes and not on behalf of any third party unless authorized
• You (and any entity you represent) are not engaged in a prohibited business or activity as listed in Section 11 of these Terms

6. Use on Behalf of an Entity

If you are opening an Account on behalf of a company or legal entity, that entity must also meet the above requirements. You must have authority to bind the entity. The entity must be duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction, and not owned or controlled by any sanctioned or prohibited party. Both you and the entity will be jointly responsible for compliance with these Terms.

We reserve the right to decline registration or to limit access to the Services to any person or jurisdiction at our sole discretion, especially if we determine that providing the Services to you could pose legal or compliance risks.

4. Account Registration and Security

1. Creating Your Account

To use most of Moneva's features, you must create an Account. During registration, we will ask for certain information such as your name, email address, and phone number, and you will need to set up authentication credentials. You agree to provide accurate, current, and complete information and to keep it updated. You may be required to verify your email or phone number and create a secure password (or use other login methods we support). You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your account credentials and restricting access to your devices. You are responsible for all activities that occur under your Account.

2. Identity Verification (KYC/AML)

Because Moneva connects with traditional financial systems, you must complete identity verification ("Know Your Customer" or KYC) and anti-money laundering (AML) checks to access certain Services (for example, to use fiat off-ramp, virtual accounts, card issuance, or invest features). This process may require you to provide personal information and documentation, such as your full name, date of birth, government-issued identification, proof of address, selfies or biometric data, and any other information we or our partners require to verify your identity and comply with legal obligations. By creating an Account, you agree to provide truthful information for KYC/AML and to promptly update any information that changes. We (or our third-party KYC service providers) will review the information and either approve or deny account access based on compliance criteria. We reserve the right to refuse to open an account or to limit Services until identity verification is completed to our satisfaction. All personal data collected will be handled as described in our Privacy Policy and in compliance with applicable data protection laws.

3. Additional Checks

Even after initial verification, we may require additional information or re-verification at any time, for example if your transaction volumes increase, if required by law, or as part of routine compliance reviews. You agree to cooperate and provide all reasonably requested information. If you do not, we may suspend or terminate your Account.

4. Third-Party Verification Tools

We may use third-party services to assist with account onboarding and verification (for example, services for linking your bank accounts, verifying identity documents, or issuing cards). By providing your information, you authorize us to share that information with such third parties for verification and regulatory compliance purposes. These third parties may conduct checks such as sanctions screening, Politically Exposed Person (PEP) screening, or fraud checks as required. All such third-party services are obligated to protect your data, and more details are provided in our Privacy Policy.

5. One Account Rule

Each user (natural person or entity) may register only one Moneva Account, unless explicitly permitted by us in writing. Creating multiple accounts for the same person or entity (or attempting to bypass account limits) is prohibited and may result in suspension of all related accounts.

6. Account Security

You must maintain the security of your Account by protecting your passkey, private keys, and authentication devices. Never share your login credentials or recovery contacts with anyone. We will never ask you for your password or private keys. If you suspect any unauthorized access to your Account or wallet, you must notify us immediately at [email protected]. You should also immediately change any compromised credentials and take steps to protect your wallet (such as moving funds to a secure address if possible). We are not responsible for any loss arising from unauthorized access to your Account due to your failure to follow security obligations.

7. Authorized Third-Party Access

We generally do not permit third parties to access or manage your Account on your behalf. In exceptional cases (such as legal guardians or holders of power of attorney), we may allow it if proper documentation is provided. Even if you authorize a third party, you remain fully responsible for the Account and all actions taken by the third party. We may require proof of the third party's authority (e.g., notarized power of attorney) and may refuse to allow third-party access at our discretion to protect your Account's security.

8. Account Communications

You agree that we may contact you via email, the app, or other contact information you provide regarding your Account, security matters, and other notices. It is your responsibility to keep your contact information current and monitor for communications from us.

5. Wallet Usage and Self-Custody

1. Non-Custodial Wallet

Moneva is a non-custodial wallet service. This means that the private cryptographic keys associated with your cryptocurrency addresses are generated and stored on your device (or in another secure manner under your control), not by Moneva on a central server. You have sole control over your crypto assets. We do not have access to or control over your funds or your private keys at any time. As such, you are entirely responsible for managing and safeguarding your wallet keys and recovery phrases.

2. User Responsibility for Keys

If you lose access to your wallet (e.g., if you lose your private key or forget your recovery phrase), Moneva cannot recover it for you. We do not custody your backup phrases, and we cannot reset or restore a lost private key. You acknowledge that anyone who obtains your private keys can control your cryptocurrency. If you lose your keys or they are stolen, you may permanently lose access to your cryptocurrency assets. Moneva will not be liable for any loss or damage resulting from your failure to keep your account credentials, device, or private keys secure.

3. Self-Custodial Wallet Use

When using our Services, you might connect a third-party self-custodial wallet (for example, an external browser wallet like MetaMask) or use Moneva's built-in wallet features. In either case, you understand that the security of your funds depends on you and the technologies you choose. If using a third-party wallet, separate terms from that provider may apply, and it is your responsibility to review and understand them. Moneva has no control over third-party wallets or their security, and we disclaim liability for any issues arising from their use.

4. No Reversal of Blockchain Transactions

When you use the wallet to initiate a cryptocurrency transaction (such as sending stablecoins to another address), the transaction is irrevocable once submitted to the network. Blockchain transactions are final and cannot be reversed or canceled by us. You must ensure that all transaction details (recipient address, amount, network, etc.) are correct when you initiate a transfer. If you send funds to the wrong address or an incompatible wallet, those funds may be permanently lost. Moneva is not responsible for any mistakes or errors in on-chain transactions you initiate.

5. Network Fees

Using the blockchain may involve network fees (e.g., "gas" fees on Ethereum) which are required to process transactions. You are solely responsible for paying any such fees when you initiate a transaction. These fees are typically not charged by Moneva, but by the blockchain network or miners/validators. We will try to inform you of the estimated network fees at the time of transaction when possible, but the actual fees are determined by the network and can fluctuate.

6. Supported Assets and Networks

Moneva supports specific cryptocurrencies (currently focusing on certain stablecoins) and operates on supported blockchain networks. We may add or remove support for any asset or network at our discretion. We will notify users of any material changes, but it is your responsibility to only transact with assets and networks that are supported. Attempting to send unsupported assets through Moneva could result in loss of those assets (for example, do not send unsupported tokens to your Moneva wallet address).

7. No Interference with Protocols

You agree not to interfere with or alter the underlying open-source protocols and smart contracts that Moneva's wallet interacts with. Any use of the Services must be as intended and documented by us. Any attempt to exploit or hack the wallet software or underlying blockchain protocols is strictly prohibited and may result in termination of your Account (in addition to potential legal action).

6. Sending and Receiving Funds (Stablecoin ↔ Fiat Off-Ramp/On-Ramp)

One of Moneva's core features is the ability to send money globally by converting stablecoins to fiat and vice versa. The following terms apply to using the off-ramp (crypto-to-fiat) and on-ramp (fiat-to-crypto) functionalities via our virtual account integration:

1. Off-Ramp (Send to Bank Accounts)

Moneva allows you to convert supported stablecoins in your wallet into fiat currency and transfer the funds to a bank account (such as for remittances). When you initiate a fiat withdrawal or transfer through the app, you authorize Moneva and our banking/payment partners to debit the specified amount of stablecoin from your wallet, convert it to fiat currency (e.g., USD), and arrange for a transfer to the recipient bank account you designate. Fiat transfers may be executed via wire transfer, ACH, local clearing, or other payment rails depending on the destination country. You understand that off-ramp transactions are facilitated by licensed third-party financial institutions (such as payment processors or money transfer operators), not by Moneva itself. We do not operate as a money transmitter; we simply provide the technology interface for you to access these services.

2. On-Ramp (Receive via Virtual Account)

Moneva may provide you with one or more virtual account numbers (such as an IBAN or local bank account) in your name, through which you can receive fiat payments (like salary or remittances) that will be automatically converted into stablecoins and credited to your Moneva wallet. When someone sends fiat to your provided virtual account details, you authorize our banking partners to receive those funds, convert them into the equivalent stablecoin amount (after any applicable fees), and transfer the stablecoins to your wallet address. Funds will typically be available in your Moneva wallet once the conversion is completed.

3. KYC and Limits for Transfers

To use off-ramp/on-ramp features, you must have completed all required KYC/AML verification (as described in Section 4). We or our partners may impose limits on the amount you can send or receive (daily, monthly, per transaction, or aggregate), based on compliance requirements, your verification level, and local regulations. These limits will be communicated to you through the app or website. Attempting to exceed allowed limits may result in transaction rejection or delays. We may require additional documentation (such as proof of source of funds) for large transfers, in line with anti-money laundering regulations.

4. Transfer Processing Time

While we strive for fast processing, we do not guarantee any specific timeline for fiat transfers. The timing can depend on various factors outside our control, including banking hours, intermediary banks, recipient bank processing, compliance reviews, or blockchain network congestion for the crypto conversion part. Transfers may take several business days in some cases. Moneva is not liable for any delays in the funds reaching the destination account, as long as we initiated the transfer in a timely manner.

5. Accuracy of Recipient Details

When sending fiat to a bank account via off-ramp, you must input the recipient's details (such as bank account number, routing number, IBAN, recipient name, etc.) exactly as required. We are not responsible for funds sent to an incorrect or unintended recipient due to errors in the information you provided. In some cases, if a transfer is rejected by the receiving bank (e.g., due to invalid account details or regulatory restrictions), the funds may be returned less any fees incurred. We will attempt to credit returned funds (converted back to stablecoin) to your wallet when possible, but we cannot guarantee recovery.

6. Exchange Rates

Conversions between stablecoins and fiat currency will use exchange rates provided by our partners or liquidity providers at the time of the transaction. The rate will typically be based on prevailing market rates for the stablecoin, but may include a spread or fee. We do not guarantee that the rate you receive is the most favorable rate available in the market at that time. You will be shown an estimated rate or amount before confirming a transaction. Exchange rates are subject to change until the transaction is executed. In rare cases, if there is a sudden large fluctuation in the stablecoin's value or fiat currency value, we or our partner may pause conversions or adjust the rate.

7. Stablecoin Peg and Conversion Risks

You acknowledge that stablecoins, while intended to maintain a peg (e.g., 1 stablecoin = $1 USD), can be subject to market risk. In extreme circumstances, a stablecoin may depeg from its target value. Moneva and its partners are not responsible for any loss if the stablecoin's value fluctuates during the conversion process. If a stablecoin were to collapse or lose most of its value, off-ramp conversions might be suspended and any pending conversions could fail. We will inform users as soon as possible in such events.

8. Fees for Transfers

Section 10 (Fees) below describes the fees applicable to off-ramp and on-ramp transactions. Please review those carefully. Any fees will typically be transparently disclosed before you confirm a transaction.

9. Reversals and Chargebacks

Once a crypto-to-fiat or fiat-to-crypto conversion has been executed, it is generally final. If a receiving bank or partner institution later reverses a fiat transaction (for example, due to suspected fraud or sender error), we reserve the right to reverse the corresponding crypto transaction in your wallet or to recover funds from you if you have already withdrawn them. Likewise, if a crypto transaction you initiated fails or is reversed (e.g., due to blockchain issues), the fiat leg of the transaction may be canceled or reclaimed.

10. No Illegal Use

You agree not to use the off-ramp/on-ramp Services for any fraudulent or illegal purpose, such as money laundering, evading taxes, or sending/receiving money that derives from criminal activity. We monitor transactions for compliance and may report suspicious activities to authorities as required by law.

11. International Usage

If you send funds to or receive funds from a different country, you are responsible for compliance with both local laws and the laws of the counterpart's jurisdiction. Cross-border transfers may be subject to additional checks or delays, especially if they involve currency conversion beyond stablecoin conversion (e.g., if converting USD stablecoin to a different fiat currency). Additional fees (like correspondent bank fees) may apply, which are typically out of our control.

12. Role of Moneva

In providing off-ramp and on-ramp functionalities, Moneva acts solely as a user interface and technology provider to initiate your instructions with our partners. We are not the sender or recipient of any fiat funds; the transfers are executed by licensed partners. You agree that our responsibility is limited to properly transmitting your instructions and facilitating the conversion, and that we are not liable for the performance or outcome of the banking/payment networks once the instruction is handed off.

7. Card Services

Moneva offers an optional Moneva Card (virtual and/or physical) that allows you to spend your crypto assets via traditional payment networks (e.g., Visa or MasterCard). The following terms apply to the Card service:

1. Card Issuer

The Moneva Card is issued and administered by a third-party financial institution licensed to issue payment cards. The issuer is not Moneva, but a partner compliant with relevant banking/payment regulations. When you request or use a Moneva Card, you agree that you will be bound by the cardholder agreement and terms provided by the card issuer (which will be made available to you when you sign up for the Card). Those terms are a separate agreement between you and the issuer, covering topics like card usage, dispute resolution, and card-specific fees.

2. Eligibility for Card

To obtain a Moneva Card, you must have a verified Moneva Account in good standing and meet any additional eligibility criteria set by the issuer. This typically includes being at least 18 years old, passing KYC verification (including potentially additional identity checks or proof of address for card issuance), and residing in a supported jurisdiction. The Card may not be available in all countries. We will inform you during the application process if your country is supported. We reserve the right to decline to issue a Card or to cancel a Card based on issuer requirements or if you no longer meet eligibility.

3. Link to Wallet

The Moneva Card is linked to your Moneva wallet balance. When you make a purchase or ATM withdrawal with the Card, an equivalent amount of your stablecoin (or other crypto as specified) will be debited from your wallet and converted to fiat to settle the transaction. You authorize Moneva to deduct the appropriate crypto amount from your wallet whenever your Card is used. If your wallet balance is insufficient, the transaction may be declined. We are not responsible for any merchant fees or penalties due to declined transactions.

4. Spending Limits

The Card may have spending and withdrawal limits. These can include per-transaction limits, daily spending limits, monthly ATM withdrawal limits, etc., as determined by the card issuer or by us in cooperation with the issuer. Such limits may depend on your verification level or local regulatory limits. For example, spending above certain thresholds might trigger additional verification (e.g., source of funds checks). We will communicate applicable limits in the app or in the cardholder terms.

5. Card Fees

We strive to keep Card fees transparent. There may be fees associated with card usage, such as ATM withdrawal fees, foreign transaction fees (if you spend in a currency different from your card's denomination), card replacement fees, or others. Moneva does not charge any fee for card issuance itself (the virtual card is free, and if a physical card is offered, it might be free or just require payment of shipping costs). However, any applicable fees will be disclosed in the fee schedule. Note that network fees for crypto conversion at the time of spending might apply (though typically we absorb minor costs or batch transactions, but significant blockchain fees may indirectly affect the rates).

6. Card Use and Restrictions

You must use the Card only for lawful transactions. You agree not to use the Card for prohibited transactions such as illegal gambling, the purchase of illicit goods or services, fraud, or any activity barred by the card network or issuer policies. The issuer or Moneva may decline or block transactions that appear suspicious or violate any laws or these Terms. You also agree not to attempt to use the Card for purchases beyond your available balance or to commit any form of "overdraft" since no credit is extended.

7. Ownership of Card

The Card remains the property of the issuer. If we or the issuer request, you must cut or destroy a physical card or delete a digital card. The Card is non-transferable; only the authorized user (whose name is on the card) may use it.

8. Reporting Issues

If your physical card is lost or stolen, or if you suspect unauthorized card transactions, you must notify the card issuer immediately (contact information is provided in the cardholder agreement or on the back of the card) and also inform us via [email protected]. You should lock or deactivate your card via the Moneva app if that feature is available. You may have certain rights to dispute fraudulent charges or errors, which will be outlined in the issuer's terms and applicable law (for example, zero liability protections for fraud in some jurisdictions). We will assist you in the process but ultimately the resolution will be handled by the issuer and card network rules.

9. Card Cancellation or Suspension

We or the issuer may suspend or cancel your card at any time, for reasons including:

• Suspected fraud or unauthorized use
• Violation of these Terms or the cardholder agreement
• If your Moneva Account is suspended or terminated
• At card expiration if renewals are not supported
• If required by law or card network rules

We will provide notice if feasible. If your card is canceled, you can still access your Moneva wallet (unless that too is terminated) but will not be able to use the card for purchases. Any remaining crypto balance in your wallet remains yours.

10. No Warranty of Universal Acceptance

While the Moneva Card should be accepted at any merchants or ATMs that accept the card network (e.g., Visa/Mastercard), we cannot guarantee acceptance everywhere. Certain merchants or countries may not accept prepaid or debit cards. Additionally, technical issues or outages could temporarily prevent card usage. You should not rely on the Card as your sole payment method in critical situations.

11. Liability for Card Transactions

You are responsible for all transactions made with your Card, except as otherwise provided by law or the issuer's terms (for example, you might not be liable for certain fraudulent charges if reported promptly). Using the card is like using cash from your wallet—when the crypto is gone, it's gone. Moneva and the issuer are not responsible for any merchant's failure to deliver goods or services or any disputes between you and a merchant. Any such disputes must be resolved with the merchant directly, though you can contact us or the issuer if you believe a transaction was unauthorized or an error.

8. Earn (Yield on Crypto Assets)

Moneva may offer an Earn or savings feature that allows you to earn a variable return (APY - annual percentage yield) on your idle crypto balances (such as your stablecoin holdings). This section sets out important terms and disclosures about this feature:

1. How Earn Works

If you opt-in to Earn, the Service will deploy or lend out the crypto assets you designate (for example, your USDC balance) through various mechanisms such as decentralized finance protocols, interest-bearing accounts with partners, or other yield-generating arrangements. In return, you may receive interest or rewards, calculated as a percentage of your deposited amount, and credited to your account (typically in the same asset, e.g., more USDC, or in another reward token, depending on the program). The APY might be displayed in the app and can change over time.

2. No Guarantee of Returns

Any APY or interest rate quoted is variable and not guaranteed. Rates can and will fluctuate, and may go up or down over time. In some cases, the yield could drop to 0% or the program could be discontinued entirely. Past performance is not indicative of future results. We do not guarantee that you will earn any specific amount of interest. You acknowledge that the Earn feature is not a risk-free savings account, but an investment-like service with potential risks (described below).

3. Not a Deposit, No Insurance

Funds allocated to Earn are not bank deposits. They are not insured by the FDIC, FSCS, SIPC, or any governmental deposit insurer. Unlike a bank savings account, there is no insurance or guarantee protecting your crypto assets in Earn. If our partner or the protocol holding the assets fails, or if the assets are lost for any reason, you could lose some or all of your principal. Government regulators have emphasized that crypto assets are not covered by traditional deposit protection.

4. Liquidity and Lock-up

Depending on how the Earn program is structured, there may be limitations on withdrawing your funds on-demand. Some yields are provided via external lending protocols or investments that require a notice period or only allow withdrawals at certain intervals. We will endeavor to provide you with near-instant liquidity (so you can move funds back to your regular wallet balance at will), but we reserve the right to impose withdrawal notice periods or limits if required by the underlying investments. We will disclose if any lock-up period applies when you opt-in.

5. Use of Third-Party Services

The Earn feature will often involve third-party platforms or financial partners. For example, we might deposit your stablecoins in a decentralized lending protocol, or with a regulated fintech that offers yield. These third parties could themselves face risks such as hacks, smart contract bugs, insolvency, or regulatory actions that could affect your funds. Moneva is not responsible for losses incurred due to third-party failures. By using Earn, you authorize us to transfer your assets to such third parties as necessary to facilitate yield generation.

6. Risks of Earn

In addition to general crypto risks (see Section 13), particular risks of using Earn include, but are not limited to:

• Smart Contract Risk: If yield is generated through smart contracts (e.g., DeFi protocols), those contracts could have vulnerabilities that get exploited, potentially leading to loss of funds.
• Counterparty Risk: If yield is generated by lending assets to third parties (centralized or decentralized), those borrowers or platforms might default or go bankrupt, which can result in loss of your funds.
• Regulatory Risk: Regulators may in the future restrict or ban these types of yield products, which could force us to stop offering Earn or even require us to return funds without any interest.
• Market/Volatility Risk: Some Earn strategies might involve converting or staking assets, which could expose you to price fluctuations or liquidity issues.
• Early Withdrawal Penalties: If applicable, withdrawing before a certain period could forfeit accrued interest or incur a penalty (we will disclose if any such condition exists).

7. Acknowledgement of Risks

You acknowledge that you understand these risks and that you could lose the entire value of assets in Earn. You agree that Moneva is not liable for any such losses, absent gross negligence or willful misconduct on our part.

8. Interest Calculation and Payment

Interest (or rewards) will be calculated as described in the specific Earn offering. Typically, interest accrues daily and is credited to your Earn balance on a periodic basis (e.g., daily, weekly, or monthly). We will show you your accumulated or earned interest in the app. The compounding method (simple vs. compound interest) will be indicated. In case of any obvious calculation error, we reserve the right to correct the interest credited.

9. Withdrawal from Earn

You may typically move your funds out of the Earn program back to your regular wallet (thus ceasing to earn interest) at any time, by submitting a withdrawal request in the app. If there are no lock-ups or special conditions, such withdrawals will be processed promptly. If the Earn program uses external protocols, note that extreme network congestion or liquidity crises might delay withdrawals. If we ever need to impose any restriction on withdrawals (due to external issues), we will notify affected users with an explanation.

10. Program Changes and Termination

We reserve the right to modify or terminate the Earn feature at any time. This could include changing the range of assets eligible for yield, adjusting the APY calculation method, adding or removing third-party yield providers, or fully discontinuing the program. If we terminate Earn, we will return all your contributed assets (and any earned interest that has been accrued or is due) to your main wallet as promptly as possible. We will provide notice if practicable for significant changes or termination of the program. However, in urgent cases (e.g., if required by law or for security reasons), changes may be made with minimal or no advance notice.

11. No Advice or Fiduciary Duty

Our offering of the Earn feature does not make us your financial advisor or create any fiduciary relationship. This feature is offered for users who seek a potential return on idle assets, but we make no recommendation that it is suitable for you. You should evaluate your own risk tolerance. If you are unsure, consult with a financial advisor. By using Earn, you affirm that you have considered the risks and find the potential rewards appropriate for your situation.

9. Investment in Tokenized Stocks and ETFs

Moneva provides a feature allowing users to invest in tokenized stocks, ETFs, or other tokenized securities. These are digital tokens that represent or are linked to the value of traditional financial instruments. This feature is facilitated through third-party partners (such as broker-dealers or token issuers). The following terms apply to the investment feature:

1. How It Works

Through the Moneva app, you may see offerings for tokenized versions of stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or other assets. When you purchase a tokenized stock, you are not buying shares directly on a stock exchange. Instead, you are acquiring a token that is designed to mirror the economic performance of that stock or asset. Typically, these tokens are backed or collateralized by the actual underlying securities held by a licensed custodian, or they may be derivatives contracts—depending on the model. We will provide details in the app or supporting materials about the nature of the token (whether it represents a share, a fraction of a share, a contract for difference, etc., depending on our partner's framework).

2. Third-Party Providers

All investment products are provided by third-party financial entities that have the necessary licenses to offer securities or derivatives in the relevant jurisdictions. For example, a licensed broker or a securities firm may be the one issuing these tokenized stocks or facilitating the trades. Moneva itself is not a broker-dealer and is not handling the execution or custody of the underlying assets. By using the invest feature, you will be subject to the partner's terms and conditions, which may be presented separately (such as a customer agreement with the broker-dealer). You must agree to those terms to participate. Moneva's role is primarily to integrate the partner's service into our user interface for your convenience.

3. Eligibility and Appropriateness

Because investing in tokenized stocks might be considered a regulated activity, it may not be open to all users or all jurisdictions. We and our partners reserve the right to restrict this feature based on your residency, accreditation status (if applicable), or other criteria. For instance, U.S. persons might be restricted from certain offerings due to securities laws. You agree to provide any additional information requested for compliance before using the invest feature (e.g., filling out a Know-Your-Customer questionnaire specific to investments, or certifying your investor status if required).

4. Market Risks

Investing in tokenized assets carries the same risks as investing in the underlying traditional assets, and additional risks specific to the tokenization. Prices can be volatile, and you might lose all or part of your investment. The value of a tokenized stock or ETF can go to zero if the underlying company fails or the market crashes. Additionally, if the token does not perfectly track the underlying asset (due to technical issues, liquidity differences, or fees), there could be tracking error or slippage in its price. You assume all market risk associated with these investments. Moneva does not guarantee any return or protection from losses.

5. No Investor Protection Schemes

Tokenized securities are a novel offering and may not be covered by traditional investor protection schemes. For example, if you were holding actual stocks through a broker, you might have SIPC protection in the US or similar in other countries. But holding tokenized representations might not give you those protections if the token issuer or platform fails. These tokens are also not bank deposits, so no deposit insurance applies. You should review the partner's disclosures—some arrangements might hold collateral in third-party custody which gives some reassurance, but others might not.

6. Corporate Actions

You acknowledge that tokenized assets might not convey the same rights as holding the actual security. Depending on how the token is structured:

• You might not have voting rights as a shareholder, even if the underlying stock has voting rights.
• If the underlying asset pays dividends or interest, the mechanism for you to receive an equivalent payout will depend on the token's terms. Typically, a token issuer will credit token holders with an equivalent dividend in stablecoin or additional tokens, but there could be delays or differences. We will strive to ensure you receive any economic benefits you're entitled to, but check the product details.
• In cases of stock splits, mergers, or other corporate actions affecting the underlying asset, the token might have to adjust (e.g., token contract updates or distribution of additional tokens). There may be periods where trading is paused to handle these events.
• If an underlying stock is delisted or a fund is terminated, the token might be redeemed or converted into a different asset, or you might be paid out the cash value from liquidating the underlying.

7. Liquidity and Trading Window

The trading of tokenized securities may not occur 24/7. There could be set trading hours (possibly mirroring the underlying market's hours, or specific hours set by the platform). There may also be lower liquidity in the token market compared to major stock exchanges, which could result in wider bid-ask spreads or difficulty executing large orders. We and our partners do not guarantee that you can buy or sell any token at a given time or price.

8. Execution of Trades

When you place an order to buy or sell a tokenized asset, you authorize Moneva to transmit your order to the partner platform for execution. The price you get will be the price at which the partner executes the order. We will show you an indicative quote or real-time price when available, but market conditions might change by the time of execution. In the event of any discrepancy or error (e.g., an execution at a grossly incorrect price due to technical issues), the partner's error handling policies will apply, which may include correcting the trade or rolling it back.

9. Fees for Investments

Trading tokenized stocks may incur fees or commissions. These might include:

• A trading fee per transaction (flat or percentage).
• Custody or management fees embedded in the token (if any).
• Withdrawal fees if you move assets out or convert them.

We will disclose any Moneva fees upfront. Some fees might be charged by the partner and embedded in the price. You should review the partner's fee schedule.

10. Regulatory and Taxation

You are responsible for understanding and complying with any regulatory obligations when you invest via Moneva. Laws regarding securities, derivatives, or crypto-assets can be complex and vary by jurisdiction. If authorities deem these tokens to be securities in your region, there may be restrictions on resale or holding. Additionally, any gains or losses might have tax implications (e.g., capital gains tax). Moneva does not provide tax advice; please consult a professional. We may provide you with transaction records to assist in tax filing, but it is up to you to report and pay any taxes due.

11. No Investment Advice

All trading decisions are made by you on a self-directed basis. Moneva does not make recommendations or solicit trades. Any market data, news, or educational content we provide is purely informational and not tailored to your personal situation. You should consider your own objectives and risks before investing. If you choose to invest, you do so at your own risk.

12. Suspension or Removal of Tokens

We or our partners may suspend trading of certain tokenized assets or remove support entirely, especially if regulatory conditions change or if the underlying asset becomes problematic. For instance, if a stock is halted on the traditional market, we might halt the token too. If a token must be removed, we will attempt to give you advance notice and possibly assist in converting your tokens to another form (like returning underlying shares or cashing out). However, in some urgent cases, suspension might be immediate.

13. Acknowledgment of Novelty

By using the invest feature, you acknowledge that tokenized securities are an emerging product with higher risk and uncertainty than traditional investments. There is a risk of regulatory crackdowns that could affect your ability to trade or realize value. You agree that Moneva is not liable for any losses, regulatory seizure, or other damages arising from the provision of this feature, beyond the extent provided by law and the separate agreement with the partner.

10. Fees and Rates

Using Moneva may incur certain fees. We strive to be transparent about all costs. Below is a general outline of our fee structure and related policies:

1. Account Fees

Moneva does not charge any setup or monthly account maintenance fee for the basic wallet. Creating an account is free. There may be fees for specific optional services (as outlined below).

2. Transaction Fees (Crypto Transfers)

When you send cryptocurrency from your Moneva wallet to an external address, Moneva itself does not charge a fee on top of the network fee. However, you must pay the blockchain network fee ("gas") required to process that transaction, as explained in Section 5.5. The app will usually deduct the required network fee from your balance automatically. We do not profit from network fees.

3. Off-Ramp Fees

When converting stablecoins to fiat and sending to a bank account, a fee may apply. This could be a percentage of the amount converted or a flat fee, depending on the corridor and our partner's pricing. For example, we might charge a 1% conversion fee on off-ramp transactions (this is an example; actual fees will be displayed at the time of the transaction). This fee may be inclusive of fees from our partners. If there are third-party charges (like intermediary bank fees or SWIFT wire fees) that we know of, we will attempt to disclose them or deduct them from the payout. Note that the recipient's bank might also charge a fee to receive funds (especially for international transfers), which is beyond our control.

4. On-Ramp Fees

Similarly, when converting incoming fiat to stablecoins (via the virtual account on-ramp), we or our partner might charge a fee. This might also be around 0.5% of the received amount, or another schedule. We will deduct any such fee from the amount before crediting your wallet (e.g., if $1000 is sent and fee is 1%, you get $990 equivalent in stablecoin). Fee details for receiving funds will be available in our FAQ or disclosed when you set up the virtual account.

5. Card Fees

As noted in Section 7, we do not charge a fee to issue the first virtual card or a standard physical card (though shipping cost for the physical card may apply). Some card-related fees include:

• ATM Withdrawal Fee: If you withdraw cash via ATM using the Card, the card issuer or ATM operator may charge a fee (e.g., $3 per withdrawal domestic, $5 international, plus any local ATM surcharge). These will be disclosed in the Card terms.
• Foreign Transaction Fee: Spending in a currency different from your card's base currency might incur a fee, e.g., 1%-3% of the transaction, or we may bake this into the conversion rate. If our card program has no such fee, we will advertise it as "no foreign transaction fees."
• Card Replacement Fee: If you request a replacement physical card (lost/stolen), a fee (e.g., $10) might apply.
• Inactivity or Other Fees: We do not plan to charge inactivity fees. Any other fees will be outlined by the issuer.

6. Earn/Interest Fees

We generally do not directly charge you for using the Earn feature. However, we may take a portion of the yield as an administration fee. For example, if the underlying protocol yields 5% APY, we might credit you 4.5% and keep 0.5% as our platform fee. We will disclose any such spread or fee. The APYs shown to you are typically net of our fee. There are no penalties to withdraw from Earn, unless specifically noted for a promotional fixed-term product.

7. Investment Fees

When buying or selling tokenized stocks, our partner may include a commission or spread. If Moneva charges a platform fee, it might be a small percentage of the trade (e.g., 0.1% per trade) or a flat fee. We will make sure the total price (including any fees) is shown in the trade confirmation. Additionally, note that holding certain assets might incur management fees (for instance, an index token that rebalances might have an annual fee within it). Those are typically reflected in the price and not charged separately.

8. Currency Conversion Rates

For any conversions (crypto-to-fiat, fiat-to-crypto, or spending via Card), the exchange rate used will be provided to you. We source rates from our liquidity providers. The rate may include a small spread above the mid-market exchange rate, which is a revenue source for either us or the partner. We aim to keep spreads competitive. Because crypto markets can be volatile, the rate may only be locked in at the moment of execution. We might provide an estimate and then execute at the prevailing rate when your transaction actually processes. Significant deviations are rare, but if they occur (for instance, if the market moves more than a certain percentage), we may ask you to reconfirm the transaction.

9. Notice of Fee Changes

We reserve the right to change our fees. If we introduce new fees or increase existing ones, we will give you reasonable advance notice through the app or email, except for changes in network fees or partner fees that we do not control. If you continue to use the Services after the new fees go into effect, that constitutes your acceptance of the changes.

11. Prohibited Uses and Activities

To maintain the integrity of our platform and comply with legal requirements, we enforce certain rules about how Moneva can be used. You agree not to misuse the Services. In particular, you shall not engage in any of the following prohibited activities:

1. Illegal Activity

Using Moneva for any unlawful purpose or in furtherance of illegal activities is strictly prohibited. This includes, without limitation, using the Services to launder money, finance terrorism, buy or sell illegal goods or services (such as drugs, counterfeit items, illicit firearms), engage in fraud, tax evasion, or any other criminal activity. You must not use the Services in violation of any law, regulation, or sanction program.

2. Sanctions Violations

You may not use Moneva if it would violate any economic sanctions or trade embargoes. This includes sending or receiving funds on behalf of sanctioned individuals, entities, or countries. We will block transactions or users involved in sanctioned areas as required by law.

3. Prohibited Business Types

You may not use our Services if you or the entity you represent is engaged in certain high-risk or prohibited industries without prior approval. Examples of industries or transactions that are not allowed include (but are not limited to):

• Ponzi schemes, pyramid schemes, or HYIP programs.
• Gambling businesses operating without valid licenses, or any gambling in jurisdictions where it's illegal (including illegal online casinos, sports betting, lotteries).
• Sale or purchase of controlled substances or drug paraphernalia.
• Trafficking of people, illicit adult content (such as child pornography or services like prostitution).
• Arms trafficking or sales of weapons (except lawful, licensed firearms sales which we still might restrict).
• Forgery, counterfeit goods, or intellectual property infringement sales (e.g., bootleg recordings, knock-off products).
• Activities that promote violence or hate, or that engage in unlawful discrimination.
• Any business requiring financial licenses that you do not have (e.g., unlicensed money services, unregistered securities offerings).
• Dealing in stolen goods or illegal hacking/cracking services.

This list is illustrative. We reserve the right to update the list of prohibited businesses and to reject transactions or usage we deem to be in these categories. If you are unsure whether your use case is allowed, contact us for clarification.

4. Unauthorized Third-Party Use

You may not use the Services on behalf of any other person or entity except as expressly allowed (see Section 4.7 on third-party access). That means you shouldn't accept funds in your Moneva account for someone else, or allow someone who is not verified on our platform to effectively use your account. Similarly, you should not use your card or virtual accounts to act as an intermediary for others (no "layering" of transactions).

5. Fraud and Misrepresentation

You must not provide false, inaccurate, or misleading information to us or other users. This includes misrepresenting your identity, source of funds, or attempting to bypass any verification processes. You must not impersonate anyone, use stolen identities, or falsify documents. Also, do not engage in any kind of fraudulent scheme, such as phishing, or posting misleading information about Moneva to trick others.

6. Security Violations

You shall not interfere with, disrupt, or harm our platform. Prohibited actions include:

• Attempting to gain unauthorized access to our systems or user accounts (e.g., hacking, password mining).
• Using the Services to distribute malware, viruses, or other harmful software.
• Launching any form of attack (DoS/DDoS) on the Services.
• Exploiting any bugs or vulnerabilities in the software to your advantage or to the detriment of us or others. (If you discover a vulnerability, please report it responsibly to us rather than exploiting it.)
• Using automated scripts, bots, or scrapers that place undue load on our infrastructure or violate our API usage guidelines (if any).

7. Platform Abuse

You shall not use Moneva in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the functioning of the Services, or that could interfere with other users' access or use. This includes any attempt to manipulate the Services' operations, such as artificially inflating trading volume, "wash trading" your investments, or exploiting referral programs or promotions in a prohibited way.

8. Money Laundering and Structured Transactions

You must not attempt to evade our transaction thresholds or monitoring. For example, breaking down a large transaction into many smaller ones (structuring) to avoid reporting or limits is prohibited. We reserve the right to report suspicious patterns that may indicate money laundering or other illegal conduct.

9. Unauthorized Financial Activities

Unless you have our written approval, you cannot use Moneva to engage in regulated financial services for others. For instance, you can't operate as an unlicensed exchange, bank, remittance service, payment processor, or hedge fund using our platform. You also cannot use Moneva to solicit or facilitate investment from others (like creating a pool of other people's money to invest via your account).

10. Intellectual Property Infringement

Do not use Moneva to violate intellectual property rights. For example, you should not upload or transmit any content through our platform that infringes someone's copyright or trademark (like using our support channels to share pirated software or similar activities). Additionally, you can't use our trademark or name in a way that confuses others or implies unauthorized endorsement (see Section 16 for more on IP).

11. Harassment and Unethical Behavior

While Moneva is mainly a financial tool and not a social network, if you interact with our community or support channels, you must not harass, threaten, or defame us, our employees, or other users. You also must not encourage or assist anyone in any of the behaviors prohibited here.

12. Consequences

Violation of this Section is a serious breach of these Terms and may result in immediate action, including account suspension or termination (see Section 15). We may also freeze funds and report incidents to law enforcement or other authorities, providing them with any necessary information as required by law.

If you are unsure whether your intended use of Moneva might violate these rules, please contact us for guidance before proceeding. We reserve the right to refuse, block, or reverse any transaction or usage that we believe violates these Terms or that poses risk to the platform, other users, or us.

12. Compliance and Monitoring

1. Transaction Monitoring

You acknowledge that we and our partners actively monitor transactions and account activity for compliance purposes, including the detection of fraud, money laundering, terrorist financing, and sanctions violations. All transactions (crypto and fiat) through Moneva may be screened and analyzed. Unusual patterns, high-risk geographies, or other red flags may lead to us requesting more information or taking action such as holding or blocking transactions.

2. Source of Funds and Purpose

We may, at any time, ask you to provide information about the source of your funds or the purpose of a particular transaction. For example, for a very large deposit or withdrawal, we might require documentation showing how you obtained the funds (payroll, sale of property, etc.) to ensure it's legitimate. Failure to provide satisfactory answers may result in us refusing or reversing a transaction and/or suspending your account.

3. Ongoing KYC Updates

Compliance is not a one-time event. We might reach out periodically to confirm or update your personal information. For instance, we might need to confirm your current address, or if your identification document expires, we may require a new one. It's important you respond to such requests; otherwise, we might have to pause your account functionality.

4. Politically Exposed Persons (PEP)

We screen users against PEP lists. If you or a related person (like a close family member) is identified as a PEP, it doesn't necessarily mean you can't use Moneva, but we may implement enhanced monitoring of your activity. You agree to inform us if you are or become a PEP as defined by applicable laws.

5. Sanctions Screening

We also screen individuals and entities against international sanctions lists (such as OFAC SDN list, EU/UK sanctions lists, UN sanctions). If a match is found, we may freeze the account and funds and will not provide services to the sanctioned person/entity, in accordance with law.

6. Reporting

We reserve the right to report any activity that we suspect to be unlawful or in violation of these Terms to relevant law enforcement or regulatory authorities. This may include providing information about you and your activities (subject to our Privacy Policy and applicable laws). For example, we will comply with legal subpoenas or orders to provide information, and we may proactively file suspicious activity reports (SARs) without notifying you, if the law permits or requires.

7. Your Cooperation

You agree to cooperate fully with any compliance-related inquiries. This includes promptly responding to our communications, providing requested documents, and truthfully answering any questions we have about your use of the Services.

8. Confiscation of Funds

In extreme cases where required by law (for example, if an account is linked to certain criminal activity or sanctioned parties), funds in your account could be frozen or even confiscated by order of a competent authority. While this would be outside of our control, you acknowledge that your use of the Services is at your own risk in this regard. We will comply with lawful orders and cannot guarantee return of funds if forbidden by law.

9. Geolocation and IP Monitoring

We may use IP address checks, GPS or other geolocation tools to help ensure users are not accessing from prohibited jurisdictions. By using Moneva, you consent to such checks. Use of VPNs or other methods to disguise your location to bypass restrictions is a violation of these Terms.

10. Audit and Record-Keeping

We keep records of all transactions and user information as required by law. We typically must retain records for a minimum of five years (or more, depending on jurisdiction) even after you close your account. This is for compliance audits and legal obligations.

Remember that compliance measures are in place to protect both you and us, and to maintain the legitimacy and availability of the service. We appreciate your understanding and cooperation in these matters.

13. Risk Disclosures

Using Moneva and engaging in cryptocurrency-related transactions and investments involves significant risks. By using our Services, you acknowledge and accept the following risks (this list is not exhaustive):

1. Cryptocurrency Volatility

Cryptocurrencies (including stablecoins to some extent) are volatile and can fluctuate rapidly in value. The value of your assets can go up or down dramatically over short periods. There is a risk that a cryptocurrency could drop to zero or near zero in value. You should not invest more than you can afford to lose, and understand that past performance of any asset is not indicative of future results.

2. Stablecoin Specific Risks

While stablecoins are designed to maintain a stable value, they still carry risks:

• Peg Risk: The stablecoin could lose its peg (e.g., 1 USDC might not equal $1 under certain stress conditions).
• Issuer/Credit Risk: Stablecoins are often backed by reserves; if the issuer of the stablecoin (or the custodian of reserves) fails or faces a crisis, the stablecoin's value could be affected.
• Regulatory Risk: Regulators may impose rules that affect the usability or value of stablecoins (for example, banning certain types or regulating issuers heavily).

3. Technology and Security Risk

The blockchain networks and smart contracts underpinning the Services are experimental and subject to inherent technological risks. These include:

• Software bugs or vulnerabilities in the smart contracts (whether in Moneva's code or third-party protocols integrated) could be exploited, leading to loss of funds.
• Blockchain networks might experience delays, congestion, or forks. A fork could result in duplicate assets or loss of value.
• Cryptographic advancements or breakthroughs (e.g., in quantum computing) could undermine the security of cryptocurrency wallets and transactions.
• Cyberattacks, hacking, ransomware, or theft of private keys can result in loss of assets. Moneva itself could be targeted by attackers attempting to find weaknesses.

4. Self-Custody Risks

Because Moneva is non-custodial, the responsibility for safekeeping your assets lies primarily with you. If you mishandle your private keys, use an insecure device, or fall victim to phishing, you could irreversibly lose assets. There is no recourse in many cases of user error or negligence.

5. Irreversible Transactions

As noted earlier, crypto transactions, once confirmed, typically cannot be undone. Mistakenly sending funds to an incorrect address or to a smart contract that doesn't support them can result in permanent loss. We cannot usually retrieve funds for you in such scenarios.

6. No Deposit Insurance

Funds in your Moneva wallet or in any part of our ecosystem are not protected by deposit insurance. Neither government-backed insurance (like FDIC or FSCS) nor private insurance applies by default to your crypto holdings. If we or a third-party partner holding your fiat or crypto were to fail, there is no guaranteed recovery of your funds.

7. Regulatory Uncertainty

Cryptocurrency and related services exist in a changing regulatory environment. Laws and regulations are evolving in many jurisdictions:

• New laws might require us to change or halt aspects of our Services. For example, a country might ban crypto conversions or certain tokens, forcing us to disable features for that region.
• Regulatory actions against exchanges, stablecoin issuers, or other industry players can have a ripple effect, possibly affecting asset liquidity or price.
• If a regulator determines that certain tokenized stocks or yields are not compliant with local laws, you might suddenly lose access to those features or be forced to divest them quickly, potentially at unfavorable prices.

8. Liquidity Risk

Markets for some crypto assets or tokenized investments can be illiquid. This means you may not find a buyer or seller at the price or time you desire. During extreme market conditions, even typically liquid assets can become hard to trade. Also, our partners might pause conversions or trading if markets are not functioning normally.

9. Partner/Counterparty Risk

As described, we rely on third-party partners for some services (like holding fiat, issuing cards, providing yield, or issuing tokenized stocks). If any of these partners fails financially, breaches their contracts, or suffers an operational failure:

• You might lose access to certain services or assets (e.g., if a banking partner goes bankrupt while holding your funds pending conversion).
• There could be delays or losses. For example, if a yield partner is unable to return funds, you may lose that portion of assets; if a card issuer shuts down, your card might stop working.
• We perform diligence on partners but cannot guarantee their performance or solvency.

10. Tax and Legal Risk

You are responsible for understanding the tax implications of your crypto activities. Crypto transactions may result in taxable events (such as capital gains on trades or income on yield). Tax laws vary and can change, potentially with retroactive effect. Failing to report taxes correctly can result in penalties. Similarly, you must abide by any legal obligations, like reporting foreign accounts or adhering to exchange controls if applicable.

11. Market Perception and News

Crypto markets are highly susceptible to news, rumors, and social media. Even false news can cause price swings. Similarly, a loss of confidence in a particular asset (say, a rumor that a stablecoin is not fully backed) can cause a run that destabilizes the asset. These things can happen quickly and without warning.

12. Forks and Airdrops

If a blockchain splits (forks) or new tokens are airdropped to holders, there could be confusion or disputes over which side Moneva will support. We may choose not to support a fork or an airdrop if we determine it's not feasible or safe, which means you might not receive some assets that others outside our platform could claim.

13. Device/Access Risks

If you lose the device on which Moneva is installed and you have not securely backed up your recovery phrase, you could lose access to your funds. If someone obtains unauthorized access to your device and it's not properly secured, they could steal your assets. Always maintain up-to-date security (use device encryption, PINs, biometrics, etc., and keep your app updated to the latest version).

14. Financial Risk of Loss

You may lose all the money or assets you put into Moneva. None of the features (sending money, earning interest, investing) are risk-free. Unlike a bank account where your balance will only change if you spend or earn interest, here your balance's value can swing or be lost due to market forces or technical issues. You should treat usage of Moneva as carrying similar risk to an investment venture, not as a savings account.

15. No Fiduciary Duty

We provide tools and services, but at no point do we take control of your assets in a way that gives rise to a fiduciary duty. We have designed the system so that you control your keys. This means we are not acting as your trustee or advisor in a fiduciary sense. We have duties to you as a user under these Terms, but we are not liable for losses unless caused by our breach of these Terms or applicable law.

By using Moneva, you acknowledge that you have read and understood the above risk disclosures. You agree that Moneva and MNVA Operations will not be responsible for any outcomes that materialize from these risks, except as provided in the "Limitation of Liability" section below and as required by law. If you are not comfortable with these risks, you should not use the Services.

14. Limitation of Liability and Disclaimers

15. Account Suspension, Termination, and Service Changes

16. Intellectual Property and License

17. Miscellaneous